HOUSTON JOURNAL OF
MATHEMATICS

 Electronic Edition Vol. 49, No. 3, 2023

Editors:  D. Bao (San Francisco, SFSU), S. Berhanu (Temple), D. Blecher (Houston), B. G. Bodmann (Houston), H. Brezis (Paris and Rutgers), B.  Dacorogna (Lausanne), M. Gehrke (LIAFA, Paris7), R. M. Hardt (Rice), S. Harvey (Rice), A. Haynes (Houston), Y. Hattori (Matsue, Shimane), W. B. Johnson (College Station), H. Koivusalo (Bristol), M. Marsh (Sacramento), M. Rojas (College Station), Min Ru (Houston), S.W. Semmes (Rice), D. Werner (FU Berlin).
Managing Editors: B. G. Bodmann and A. Haynes (Houston)

 Houston Journal of Mathematics



Contents

Papiya Bhattacharjee, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA (pbhattacharjee@fau.edu), Lee Klingler, Department of Mathematics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4605, USA (klinglel@oregonstate.edu), and Warren Wm. McGovern, Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA (warren.mcgovern@fau.edu).
Martínez frames, pp. 463–487.

ABSTRACT. We call a frame Martínez if it is an algebraic frame with FIP in which every element is a d-element. The study of Martinez frames and the d-operator in this article has led to a better understanding of the q-nucleus defined in [15]. We generalize the construction of the q-nucleus to arbitrary sets of primes and investigate this operator from a topological perspective on the prime spectrum.  

Patrick W. Keef, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA 99362 (keef@whitman.edu).
Generalizing a result of Hausen and Johnson on Jacobson radicals of endomorphism rings, pp. 489–495.

ABSTRACT. A results of Hausen and Johnson (1978) describing the Jacobson radicals of the endomorphism rings of primary Abelian groups that are sufficiently projective is extended to the class of countably totally projective groups. In so doing, the arguments used to prove this earlier characterization are simplified considerably.  

Gregor Dolinar, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trža-ška cesta 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and IMFM, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (gregor.dolinar@fe.uni-lj.si), Bojan Kuzma, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia, and IMFM, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (bojan.kuzma@upr.si), Janko Marovt, University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Razlagova 14, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia, and IMFM, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (janko.marovt@um.si), and Edward Poon, Department of Mathematics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 3700 Willow Creek Road, Prescott, AZ, USA (edward.poon@erau.edu).
Spectrum preservers on densely defined unbounded operators, pp. 497–507.

ABSTRACT. We classify additive bijections on the set of possibly unbounded self-adjoint operators which preserve the spectrum. Similar problem is considered also on the set of infinitesimal generators of 𝒞0-semigroups.  

Sujoy Majumder, Department of Mathematics, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal-733134, India (sm05math@gmail.com, sjm@raiganjuniversity.ac.in), and Debabrata Pramanik, Department of Mathematics, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal-733134, India (debumath07@gmail.com).
On the conjecture of Chen and Yi, pp. 509–530.

ABSTRACT. In the paper, we discuss the uniqueness problem of meromorphic function f that shares a1,a2 and CM with Δcf, where a1 and a2 are two distinct entire functions such that ρ(ai) < 1, i = 1,2 and c ∖{0}. The obtained results confirm the conjecture posed by Chen and Yi [2]. Also in the paper, we improve the recent result of Huang and Zhang [8]. Moreover, we exhibit some examples to show that our results are best possible.  

Wei Chen, School of Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P.R. China (weichensdu@126.com), Qiong Wang, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Analysis and Decision on Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, P.R. China (qiongwangsdu@126.com), and Liu Yang, School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, P.R. China (yangliu6@ahut.edu.cn).
On generalized Fermat Diophantine functional equations in n and Picard type theorems, pp. 531–549.

ABSTRACT. This paper concerns entire and meromorphic solutions of the generalized Fermat Diophantine functional equations hfp + kgq = 1 in n, where h,k are meromorphic coefficients in several complex variables and p,q 1 are integers with (p,q)(1,1). As applications, we determine when entire solutions of the simple-looking functional equation fp + gq = 1 in reduce to constant and then apply the result to show two well-known Picard type theorems in a direct manner.  

Hui Li, School of Science, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China (lihui2021@amss.ac.cn), Mingliang Fang, School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China (mlfang@hdu.edu.cn), and Xiao Yao, School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China (yaoxiao@nankai.edu.cn).
A difference analogue of Hayman-Clunie’s theorem, pp. 551–566.

ABSTRACT. In 1959, Hayman proved a landmark result concerning the meromorphic function f with its second derivative f′′ [Ann. Math. 70 (1959), 9-42]. Shortly after Hayman’s paper, Clunie completely settled the case for nth derivative f(n) (n 3) in 1962. The whole picture is still not clear for the case n = 1. Over the past few decades, a lot of work has been made in exploring the difference analogue of the value distribution theory of meromorphic functions. This progress is largely attributed to the development of the difference logarithmic derivative lemma, which is considered to be the most important tool in this field. However, the strength of this technique is still insufficient to prove the difference type of the celebrated Hayman-Clunie’s theorem. In this paper, we develop a new technique to establish the difference type of Hayman-Clunie’s theorem for all n 1. More precisely, we prove that if the transcendental meromorphic function f and its forward difference Δcnf have only finite number of zeros and poles in the whole complex plane, we obtain f(z) = R(z)exp(h(z) + C1z), where R(z) is a rational function, h(z) is an entire function of period c or 2c, and C1 is a constant. Moreover, we have a complete classification when c and 2c happen, which depends on the total number of zeros and poles of f.  

Bogdan D. Suceavă, Department of Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, McCarthy Hall 154, Fullerton, CA 92831-6850 (bsuceava@fullerton.edu).
The spread of the shape operator as a curvature invariant for a smooth hypersurface, pp. 567–577.

ABSTRACT. The spread of a matrix was originally introduced in linear algebra by L. Mirsky, in 1956. The first question we investigate in our present study is the behavior of a limiting process involving the spread of the shape operator in the neighborhood of an umbilical point; the problem is interesting because it naturally yields a “zero over zero” limiting situation. Secondly, by regarding the spread of the shape operator as a curvature invariant we state and prove a fundamental inequality of B.-Y. Chen type between the intrinsic quantities and the extrinsic quantities at a point on a smooth hypersurface.  

Hongmei Zhu, College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P.R. China (zhm403@163.com), and Lumin Song, College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P.R. China (15837318225@163.com).
On the scalar curvature of Kropina metrics I, pp. 579–602.

ABSTRACT. In this paper, we study the scalar curvature defined by H. Akbar-Zadeh in Finsler geometry. We prove that a Kropina metric is of weakly isotropic scalar curvature if and only if it is an Einstein metric. Further, we give a negative answer to Yamabe problem on Kropina metrics with isotropic S-curvature.  

Sajad Salami, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics & State University of Rio de Janeiro & Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (sajad.salami@ime.uerj.br), and Tony Shaska, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Oakland University, Roch-ester Hills, MI (tanush@umich.edu).
Local and global heights on weighted projective varieties, pp. 603–636.

ABSTRACT. We investigate local and global weighted heights a-la Weil for weighted projective spaces via Cartier and Weil divisors and extend the definition of weighted heights on weighted projective spaces from [5] to weighted varieties and closed subvarieties. We prove that any line bundle on a weighted variety admits a locally bounded weighted M-metric. Using this fact, we define local and global weighted heights for weighted varieties in weighted projective spaces and their closed subschemes, and show their fundamental properties.  

Andrea Ammerlaan, Nipissing University, Department of Computer Science & Mathematics, 100 College Drive, Box 5002, North Bay, Ontario, Canada, P1B 8L7 (ajammerlaan879@my.nipissingu.ca), Ana Anušić, Nipissing University, Department of Computer Science & Mathematics, 100 College Drive, Box 5002, North Bay, Ontario, Canada, P1B 8L7 (anaa@nipissingu.ca), and Logan C. Hoehn, Nipissing University, Department of Computer Science & Mathematics, 100 College Drive, Box 5002, North Bay, Ontario, Canada, P1B 8L7 (loganh@nipissingu.ca).
Radial departures and plane embeddings of arc-like continua, pp. 637–666.

ABSTRACT. We study the problem of Nadler and Quinn from 1972, which asks whether, given an arc-like continuum X and a point x X, there exists an embedding of X in 2 for which x is an accessible point. We develop the notion of a radial departure of a map f : [1,1] [1,1], and establish a simple criterion in terms of the bonding maps in an inverse system on intervals to show that there is an embedding of the inverse limit for which a given point is accessible. Using this criterion, we give a partial affirmative answer to the problem of Nadler and Quinn, under some technical assumptions on the bonding maps of the inverse system.  

Lei Mou, School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China (moulei@cnu.edu.cn), and Yanhui Huang, School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China (yanhuihuang94@163.com).
Star countability of products of subspaces of ordinals, pp. 667–676.

ABSTRACT. For an infinite cardinal κ, a topological space X is called κ-compact if every F X with |F|≥ κ has an accumulation point. A space X is said to be star countable (respectively star Lindelof) if for every open cover 𝒰 of X, there exists a countable subset (respectively a Lindelof subspace) F of X such that St(F,𝒰) = X. In this paper, we give a characterization when A × B is κ-compact for subspaces A and B of an ordinal ł, where κ > ø is a regular cardinal. We also show that for subspaces A and B of an ordinal, A × B is star countable if and only if it is star Lindelof.  

Meng Bao, School of Sciences and Arts, Suqian University, Suqian, 263800, P. R. China (mengbao95213@163.com), and Xiaoquan Xu, School of mathematics and statistics, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China (xiqxu2002@163.com).
On some kinds of factorizable topological groups, pp. 677–691.

ABSTRACT. Based on -factorizable topological groups and -factorizable topological groups, we introduce four classes of factorizabilities on topological groups, named P-factorizability, Pm-factorizability, S-factorizabil-ity and PS-factorizability, respectively. Then it is shown that a topological group G is Pm-factorizable iff G is P-factorizable, and G is PS-factorizable iff G is P-factorizable. Some properties of these classes of groups are investigated.  

J. A. Martínez-Cadena, Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 04510, Ciudad de México, México (martinezcadenajuan@gmail.com), and Á. Tamariz-Mascarúa, Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 04510, Ciudad de México, México (atamariz@unam.mx).
Some properties involving feeble compactness, I: Compact-boundedness and selective feeble compactness, pp. 693–714.

ABSTRACT. We study some subclasses of feebly compact Hausdorff spaces such as the (weakly) compact-bounded spaces and selectively (sequentially) feebly compact spaces, paying special attention to topological groups.