Three settling balls in an Oldroyd-B type fluid: A two-ball chain formation
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Three sedimenting balls only form a vertical two-ball chain after attracting, drafting, chaining and turning, which is different
from the well known phenomenon called drafting, kissing and tumbling for balls falling in Newtonian fluid.
- The dimension of computational domain = (0,1)x(0,1)x(0,4) initially,
then it moves vertically with the center of the lower ball.
- The radii of the balls are 0.1.
- The density of the balls = 1.12
- The density of fluid = 1
- The viscosity = 0.39
- The relaxation time is 0.41.
- The retardation time is 0.05125.
- The mesh size for the velocity field = 1/48
- The mesh size for the extra stress tensor = 1/48
- The mesh size for the pressure = 1/24
- The time step=0.001.
- The particle Reynolds number = 0.31 < 1.
- The Mack number = 0.61 < 1.
- The Debra number = 1.22.
- The elasticity number = 4.
- Initial configuration: side-by-side.